Egyptian and mexican pyramids Essay Example For Students

Egyptian and mexican pyramids Essay Riddles of the Ancient WorldFor numerous hundreds of years individuals have been intrigued by old societies and fortunes. During the most recent two centuries the study of prehistoric studies and current innovations permitted individuals to get within the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids and find the fortunes of Egyptian pharaohs and Mayan rulers. The majority of what we think about Egypt we owe to the pyramids. On account of Egyptian faith in life following death we would now be able to get some answers concerning the human progress that existed about 5,000 years prior. Egyptian culture isn't the main culture that left us its legacy in pyramids. In America we discover pyramids work by human advancements of Olmec and Maya about seventh century CE. These pyramids had various purposes and utilization then the ones in Egypt yet they remain as remembrances to antiquated human advancements too. Egyptian individuals had confidence in eternal life. One of the manner in which pharaohs set themsel ves up for the great beyond venture was by building a pyramid and putting there every one of their effects and wealth. Egyptian individuals accepted that pharaoh is the nearest individual to the God and rewarded him in like manner. That is the purpose behind Egyptian burial chambers being full with the brilliant gems, valuable stones and craftsmanship objects. More often than not craftsmanship objects were not viewed as a treasury yet they assumed their specific job in strict customs. Containers were holding food and beverages for pharaohs venture, so he would not get eager and would have food and beverages to offer to the Gods. The non-literal models were assume to go with Ka ( profound substance) in its forlorn remain or fill in as a twin for the mummy. In the event that something happens to the mummy the ka could utilize the figure of the pharaoh for the disclosure. Just as for Egyptians religion was a regular worry for a large number of the Maya, regardless of whether the dynast ic ruler, the ardent minister, or the modest adherent. Maya has a broad religion structure which we can not know in subtleties. Chac and Itzamna are the most well known divine forces of Mayan culture. Hunahpu and Xbalanque are among the most intriguing legendary characters. One of the most urgent divine beings was Tlaloc, who was loved in different pretenses by the way of life of Teotihuacan, the Toltec of Tula, and later Aztecs.The Maya got the faction of Tlaloc during the fourth century pretty much. The Cauac Monster, otherwise called the Witz beast, is a predominant powerful idea in Maya religion, as are caverns, cenotes, and other heavenly places (Maya Civilization standards. 6). The Maya assembled places of worship, sanctuaries, and pyramids out of appreciation for their divine beings, just as to their rulers, who administered by widely inclusive idea of Divine force. The vast majority of Mayan pyramids are sanctuaries to the divine beings, not the internment burial places as i n Egypt. Despite the fact that Maya once in a while covered there their rulers they generally put the sanctuary on the highest point of the pyramid. Egyptians had sanctuaries close to the pyramid or right close to it for the formal administrations, however it never was set on the structure. Additionally structures in the two societies share a ton for all intents and purpose in their visual attributes they are various structures. Egyptian pyramids initially had smooth equivalent sides meeting on the top in the ideal pinnacle. Mayan pyramids appear as though one gigantic flight of stairs towards the sky. It helps to remember most punctual Egyptian structures-mastabas, where one layer of stones was put onto another making the impact of pyramid. Additionally The Tikal Temple on Great Plaza was initially put white. At that point the rooftop brush was painted with reds, blues, and different hues to emphasize the various regions of sculptural beautification. These rooftop brushes resembled mammoth bulletins, with colossal depictions of the enthroned lord, bigger then life size (Cities pars.3). Egyptians never hued their strict structures. Just as in Egyptian pyramids, the stone used to build Mayan pyramids is neighborhood limestone, got from close by quarries. The antiquated Maya had no stone instruments yet limestone is delicate enough that the Maya could use chert devices to work the stone in to flawless rectangular structure squares. Egyptian pyramids filled in as immense burial places and they were built in such a manner so they would represent thousand years. Egyptians didn't have a clue when the soul would return into the dead body. Pyramids were developed of harsh stone squares laid in level columns, in a polygonal shape, with triangular sides ascending to meet in the peak. Some were initially as high as 750 feet. The pyramids were worked by taking squares of stone to the workshops, estimating the squares down the size, forming the square and setting it into t he body of the pyramid. At that point on the manufactured structure laborers put the limestone going from the start to finish. Egyptians left two void rooms to put the pharaohs mummy and his possessions in. They fixed pyramids so well that it took 400 years for burglars to get in. It is accepted that the pyramids would be standing flawless today in the event that it were not for later demolition by burglars and intruders and for use as a structure material.As it seems to be, the enormous stone structures are rising right now outside of Cairo. The insides of these gigantic stone structures contain a progression of a tight sections, finishing in a few enormous chambers. The focal chamber was the entombment room, consistently came to by an entry from the north, and containing a bogus stone entryway on the west side, speaking to an exit for the expired soul. The tops of these chambers were shaped of layers of stone pillars, lying on another, each layer gauging all the more then 30 tons. The entries into entombment chamber was frequently cut out of the stone legitimately from the external edge. Just as Egyptian pharaoh Mayan rulers like Giant Jaguar was covered in his burial place with several contributions containers, jade, gems, etc. Mayan sanctuary pyramids generally contained at least one rooms, in any case, the rooms were restricted to such an extent that they could just have been utilized on stylized events and were not implied for open utilization. Columbian Exchange EssayWorks CitedCasson, Lionel. Old Egypt Canada: Time Inc. 1965. Urban communities of the antiquated Maya. Secret of Maya. CMCC. May 1999. http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/maya/mmc01eng.htmlHerodotus Reports on Mummification. May 1999. http://pluto.clinch.edu/history/wciv1/civ1ref/mummy.htmlLife in Ancient Egypt. Shabtis.Ed. Craig Patch. Exc. from Reflections of Greatness: Ancient Egypt at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 1990. http://www.yahoo.com/egypt/Maya Civilization.Mystery of Maya. CMCC. May 1999. http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/maya/mmc01eng.htmlNewby, P.H. The Egypt story, its craft, its landmarks, its kin, its history. Italy: Abbreville Press: 1979. Payne, Elizabeth. The pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, Inc. 1984. Photos of Maya remnants of Tikal demonstrating how Hasselblad cameras and Zeiss focal points bring about better pictures. Maya Art books. Worldwide Photographic Archive of Maya Art. June 1998. http://www.maya-workmanship books.org/html/New_photos.htmlThe First Egyptian Mummies. Corkankhamun clarifies preservation. May 1999. http://members.aol.com/mumifyddog/first.htmlWhy Egyptians Made Mummies. Corkankhamun clarifies embalmment. May 1999. http://members.aol.com/mumifyddog/first.html

Compare And Contrast Of Cult And Religion Essay Essays -

Look into of Cult and Religion Essay Religion is a sociological gadget used to ensure its individuals, and it offers them a typical arrangement of conviction. Religion, regardless of whether it is Christianity, Taoism, Judaism, or Hinduism is a lot of generally shared convictions which unite numerous individuals. Religions typically show a code of ethical quality with an accentuation on a higher extraordinary substance. They give models and good examples for individuals to follow. Religion, despite the fact that having almost a similar definition as a clique, has a positive undertone. Society alone has characterized these indicative contrasts among faction and religion. The word, religion, has a negative undertone which mirrors the dismissal of the people wherein it exists. The word clique is regularly used to communicate objection to a disdained religion unique in relation to one's own. A clique is characterized as; ...a arrangement of strict worship... or ...a ideology or sect...(The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language) While the word reference meaning of religion is, ...man's appearance of his affirmation of the divine... or ...a arrangement of convictions and works on identifying with the consecrated and joining its followers in a community... (The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language) The two words are equal by definition, however the manners by which they are utilized differentiation due to their contrasting implications. When a gathering is named a faction it is exposed to some type of arraignment. One gathering will assault another, either on the grounds that they just feel they are correct and the other gathering's conviction framework should in this way not be right. The gathering turns into an anomaly and is exiled, rebuked, or ostrasized. At the point when marked a religion like the branch Davidians of Waco, Texas the gathering is dependent upon penetration and constrained breakdown. Just the implications separate these two words from each other. Morgan Glines October 9, 1996 English AP Investigate Of Cult And Religion Essay Essays - Investigate of Cult and Religion Essay Religion is a sociological gadget used to ensure its individuals, and it offers them a typical arrangement of conviction. Religion, regardless of whether it is Christianity, Taoism, Judaism, or Hinduism is a lot of generally shared convictions which unite numerous individuals. Religions for the most part show a code of profound quality with an accentuation on a higher extraordinary element. They give models and good examples for individuals to follow. Religion, in spite of the fact that having almost a similar definition as a clique, has a positive meaning. Society alone has characterized these indicative contrasts among clique and religion. The word, faction, has a negative undertone which mirrors the dismissal of the masses wherein it exists. The word clique is regularly used to communicate dissatisfaction with a despised religion not quite the same as one's own. A faction is characterized as; ...a arrangement of strict worship... or ...a statement of faith or sect...(The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language) While the word reference meaning of religion is, ...man's appearance of his affirmation of the divine... or ...a arrangement of convictions and works on identifying with the consecrated and joining its disciples in a community... (The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language) The two words are equal by definition, however the manners by which they are utilized complexity as a result of their varying implications. When a gathering is marked a faction it is exposed to some type of arraignment. One gathering will assault another, either in light of the fact that they essentially feel they are correct and the other gathering's conviction framework should subsequently not be right. The gathering turns into an anomaly and is expelled, reproached, or ostrasized. At the point when marked a faction like the branch Davidians of Waco, Texas the gathering is dependent upon penetration and constrained breakdown. Just the meanings separate these two words from each other. Morgan Glines October 9, 1996 English AP

Mobile Phone Technology And Society Example

Mobile Phone Technology And Society Example Mobile Phone: Technology And Society â€" Term Paper Example > Mobile Phones: Changing the Way Society InteractsAbstractCell phone technology has and will continue to transform our lives as we have instant communication at our fingertips anytime, from almost anywhere. From children using or misusing cell phones to the concerns over environmental issues of cell phone disposal and more and more cell towers cropping up over the landscape, cell phones have sparked many a study and a good number of debates about their usefulness or their dangers to health and social well being. For better or for worse, cell phones are here to stay and they appear to be becoming more and more sophisticated, capable of relaying photo and video images almost instantaneously as well as keeping their user updated on current news and weather. Soon cell phones could replace ATM machines, as they can be programmed with a chip containing electronic cash. How far can the technology go? And how will it affect us? IntroductionThe advent of mobile and cellular phone technology enabled business and families to communicate more efficiently; no longer did the person on the road have to search for a working pay phone to make a call, only to find out that their change was wasted on an answering machine or answering service informing the caller that the person they were seeking was away at a meeting. No longer did mobile people have to stop and call back from yet another pay phone, jostling for a parking space in order to use it. In the beginning, mobile phone technology made life much easier. Within the space of two decades, however, cell phone use has become a nightmare for some societies. This essay will explore the history of telephony communications, how these communications have evolved, and the impact of the technology on society, for better or for worse. As consumers of cellular technology have invented new needs, cell phone companies have added much more than simple calling features to cell phones, and the trend of cellular and wireless telephony bec oming more than simple communication is not likely to slow down any time soon. How is it changing us? Where are the limits? And are we communicating better than before, or simply in a different way? The History of Mobile TechnologyOnce the wired telephone system was established and people were able to communicate over long distances, the luxury of privacy was firmly in place. While many people saved money by having a “party line, ” which was the shared cost of several residences using one phone line. The benefit was a lower rate for telephone service, but the drawback was having to wait to use the phone if another residence was using it. The party line system caused its own problems as people became impatient with their co-users, especially if long-winded users tied the line up for a long period of time. In early widespread use of telephones, one dialed the operator if there was an emergency. The operator acted as a dispatcher and notified authorities. In business, telephone operators answered incoming calls and operated a switchboard to connect the caller with the person in the office. As more sophisticated equipment was developed, switching networks made operators obsolete.

John Locke And Rene Descartes - 1442 Words

Philosophers are individuals who address critical analysis of fundamental assumptions or beliefs with underlying theories of their own. John Locke and Rene Descartes were both classified as modern philosophers in the seventeenth century who sums up the subject about personal identity and its determents in reference to our own existence, such as who are we? The personal identity theory states that the philosophical confrontation with the ultimate questions of our own existence, such as who are we, and is there life after death? This investigation of personal identity specifies adequate circumstances for the identity of the person over the period of time. In this assignment, these two philosophers will be introduced thoroughly with a summary about each of them, their similarities and differences, and personal views on which state that I would prefer. John Locke (August 29, 1632-October 28, 1704) theory is that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity. He wrote an Essay Concerning Human Understanding which he signifies in section 9 of personal identity and in section 10 of consciousness makes personal identity that personal identity is a matter of being in the conscious state. He implied that if you remove something from the body, such a finger or a leg. Even though it’s not physically attached to the body anymore, that doesn’t change the personal identity of that person because that individual is still himself. For example, let’s look at the simplest parts ofShow MoreRelatedRene Descartes And John Locke997 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes and John Locke each produced pieces of philosophical responses to the questions posed in epistemology which resulted with very different answers. Descartes relied on God and the mind as the only reliable and trustworthy sources to prove the existence of things other than ourselves. Locke, in contrast, made arguments for the existence of things in the external world via our innate ability to recognize and process sensations that are derived from subjects that exist in the material worldRead MoreRene Descartes and John Locke698 Words   |  3 PagesRene Descartes was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, scientist and writer. Many elements of his philosophy have precedent in late Aristolelianism and earlier philosophers like St. Augustine. Descartes was a major figure in 17th century continental rationalism, later advocated by Baruch Spinoza and opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. His most famous statement is: Cogito ergo sum, translation in English I think therefore I am.Read MoreJohn Locke And Rene Descartes Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field of philosophy, many philosophers have had theories on personal identity and a person’s â€Å"self.† Th ese people have gone down in history books for their theories on a person’s identity: John Locke and Rene’ Descartes. These are two of the most famous philosophers of their time and all time. â€Å"John Locke was one of the philosophers who were against the Cartesian theory that soul accounts for personal identity (Nimbalkar, 2011).† His theory was that your â€Å"self† was your consciousness. He believedRead MorePropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thoughtRead MoreDescartes And John Locke s Views On Consciousness, Self, And Personal Identity1475 Words   |  6 PagesSeventeenth century philosophers Renà © Descartes and John Locke endeavored to question the views on consciousness, self, and personal identity. They examined belief in God, the certainty of knowledge, and the role of mind and body. The goal of this paper is to deliberate John Locke’s and Renà © Descartes views on â€Å"self† and personal identity and how each c ome to examine how knowledge is captured. Renà © Descartes and John Locke both present arguments that are rational in the discussion of consciousnessRead MoreEssay on Descartes vs Locke1257 Words   |  6 Pageslargely by experience, observation, and sensory perception. Renà © Descartes and John Locke, both seventeenth century philosophers, are often seen as two of the first early modern philosophers. Both Descartes and Locke attempt to find answers to the same questions in metaphysics and epistemology; among these: What is knowledge? Is there certainty in knowledge? What roles do the mind and body play in the acquisition of knowledge? Descartes and Locke do not provide the same answers to these questions. InRead MoreInnate Ideas Essay653 Words   |  3 Pagesof ideas. Rene Descartes and John Locke were these two philosophers with the opposing argument on innate ideas. The place where Descartes discusses his views were in the Meditations on First Philosophy and Lockes argument is located in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. By using these sources I will be able to describe the difference between these two arguments on innate ideas. Rene Descartes was a mathematician and an extremely brilliant man. In mediation three, Descartes is tryingRead MoreSimilarities And Weaknesses Of Descartes And Locke On The Topic Of The Origin Of Ideas1237 Words   |  5 Pageswe have? Renà © Descartes and John Locke, both seventeenth-century philosophers, are often seen as two of the first early modern philosophers. One question that the both of them try to tackle is the origin of ideas. Descartes and Locke do not provide the same answers to this question. This paper will discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of both augments of Descartes and Locke on the topic of the origin of ideas. It will also discuss who had the stronger argument overall. Descartes believesRead MoreDescartes vs Locke Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesEssay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. Rene DescartesRead MoreDescartes vs. Locke1175 Words   |  5 PagesEssay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. Rene Descartes

Mission Stop Hazing - 1093 Words

Mission Stop Hazing Hazing is â€Å"rituals used to initiate new members into fraternities, sororities and other â€Å"Greek-letter† organizations, athletic teams, marching bands and military units. Hazing can range from seemingly innocuous discomfort, embarrassment or ridicule, such as wearing silly clothing or singing the school fight song in a public place to what some feel is psychological abuse† (Hansen). Hazing is perceived as an entertaining technique to mess with the new people, but it is becoming a very serious issue. People do not realize that hazing is leading to a series of injuries and deaths. The most common place hazing is practiced at is on university campuses, including the University of California Riverside. The â€Å"University of California Policies Applying to Campus Activities, Organizations and Students, defines hazing as the participation in any method of initiation or pre-initiation into a campus organization or other activity engaged in by the organization or mem bers of the organization at any time that causes, or is likely to cause, physical injury or personal degradation or disgrace resulting in psychological harm to any student or other person† (Heng). UC Riverside has a strict no hazing rule, but it is easily misunderstood by students. Hazing new members is a â€Å"tradition,† but this tradition needs to be put to a stop. Putting an end to hazing will be extremely difficult because â€Å"hazing incidents nationwide are difficult to quantify because the rituals,Show MoreRelatedProper Military and Professional Bearing Essay2425 Words   |  10 Pagesthe conveyance will be asked to notify the nearest military police and arrange to have them, if necessary, take custody of military personnel. In serious situations, such as physical assault, the person in charge of the conveyance will be asked to stop at the first opportunity and request local police assistance. In all such cases, the local police will be advised to telephone ( collect) the nearest Army post or Army headquarters. c. When an offense endangering the reputation of the Army is committedRead More The Positive Influences of College Fraternities Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pageshear about the positives, so they shut them out and only concentrate on the negatives. According to Sam Doria, a freshman here at Bowling Green, positive issues facing fraternities are boring, I want to see which frat is next to get charged with hazing violations. Most of the positive issues concerning fraternities have recently been forgotten. They have been overrun by communities who only desire the negative aspects of Greek life and the media who will only print what the people want to readRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagesunit combat readiness, thus putting into action its base elements, mission, purpose, and goals. Purpose The Army Family Team Building (AFTB) program is a modular training program designed to provide Family members basic information about the Army, personal growth skills, and leadership skills. AFTB improves personal and Family preparedness which enhances overall Army readiness and helps America s Army adapt to a changing world. Mission The AFTB empowers individuals, maximizing their personal growthRead MoreMicroecon3496 Words   |  14 Pagesselection bias now. It is a pervasive problem in business curricula, and some of your students will probably not even hear about it in statistics class. Again, Id like to know of some other examples that impress your students. Be sure to tell them to stop you if they find you giving illustrative examples that may exhibit selection bias. 6 Try to resist spending excessive time on examples and extensions of the material on heuristics, smart crowds, and event markets. Students do, however, pay attentionRead MoreMangerial Ecomics and Goblization3521 Words   |  15 Pagesselection bias now. It is a pervasive problem in business curricula, and some of your students will probably not even hear about it in statistics class. Again, Id like to know of some other examples that impress your students. Be sure to tell them to stop you if they find you giving illustrative examples that may exhibit selection bias. 6 Try to resist spending excessive time on examples and extensions of the material on heuristics, smart crowds, and event markets. Students do, however, pay attentionRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pages4–14, page 26 ii AR 600–20 †¢ 18 March 2008 Contents—Continued Other prohibited relationships †¢ 4–15, page 27 Fraternization †¢ 4–16, page 27 Standards of conduct †¢ 4–17, page 27 Employment and volunteer work of spouse †¢ 4–18, page 27 Hazing †¢ 4–194–20, page 28 Informal funds †¢ 4–21, page 29 Misuse of Government travel charge cards †¢ 4–22, page 29 Domestic Violence Amendment to the Gun Control Act of 1968 †¢ 4–23, page 30 Chapter 5 Other Responsibilities of Command, page 32 GeneralRead MoreThe World Of The Vietnam War7446 Words   |  30 Pagesmultiple difficulties that turn hilarious as they try and reach the village. Although the cast of the film is superb, it’s hard to believe that the events took place, especially when the Captain of the operation says; â€Å"I should be on a top secret mission with crack commandos but instead, I’m in an episode of McHale’s Navy starring Dumbo, Mr. French, and the Three Stooges! (Operation Dumbo Drop)† which only proves that Disney made a Vietnam film that has no other lesson to come out of it other thanRead MoreChapter Summaries of Digital Fortress by Dan Brown8135 Words   |  33 Pagesthe Crypto floor, but no one is inside. While she goes to Strathmores office, she remembers some old experiences. These experiences included how the Commander favored her among all the other cryptographers. Although Strathmore never tolerated the hazing of anyone, he was especially protective of his sole female staff member. When accused of favoritism, he simply replied with the truth: Susan Fletcher was one of the brightest young recruits hed ever seen, and he had no intention of losing her toRead MoreWilliam Bratton and the Nypd12122 Words   |  49 Pagesmethods had cut crime at the cost of increasing abuse. Policing in the 20th Century: Corruption and Reform When Bratton came to the NYPD, he was part of a long tradition of police reform movements. The police have always been charged with the mission of preserving civil order while respecting civil rights, but early on a tension developed between these two objectives. When the police focused on preventing crime, they were tempted to become either too abusive or too involved with the criminals

Legal Aspects †International Business Law Free Essays

Executive Summary In order to fully understand the dichotomy of this case there must first be an anlysis of the salient points.   This case of international trade law applies to transactions for goods or services that cross national boundries.   Parties stated herein were affected by disputes regarding contractual rights and duties   The case concerns government substantive and procedural law at an international level. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Aspects – International Business Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Case backround Bob keyes, CEO of Fullerton-based MemoryTech Inc., initiated telephone and email communications with purchasing agents in Vietnam, Turkey, Great Britain and Mexico.   In his multiple conversations, there were no formal contractual negotitations between MemoryTech and purchasing countries, to his own neglect. Substantive and procedural issues Keyes is determined to file suit against Minh and the Government of Vietnam in an American court.   However, his claim of breach of contract is not substantiated in his argument. â€Å"Procedural law prescribes a method of enforcing rights or of obtaining redress for the invasion of rights.†1   There is no mention, in the text, of any wrongdoing from Minh that would result in penalty.   Unless there is other evidentiary material to prove otherwise, there is an absence of information to build a foundation for this claim. Furthermore, the fact that an official written contract was never endorsed leads to a gray area which would be difficult to interpret in court. The case between Gul and Keyes has a more lucid interpretation. The language in Gul’s fax indicated that, â€Å"any disputes arising out of this contract must be resolved by arbitration in Istanbul.†Ã‚   The assumption here is that the fax was intended to be a written contract initiated by Gul and signed by both parties.   However, for a written contract to be legal and binding, it must be signed by both parties. Keyes did not sign and return the document; therefore, the only avenue available to Gul is to choose an alternative resolution. In addition to this case, there is an incident involving Keye’s daughter, Benn, who made an oral commitment and promise to deliver shirt-pocket computers to several of her classmates.   Generally, courts do not regard oral commitments as a legal and binding contract and, in most cases, interpret them as hearsay. Finally, the accident which occurred in a Mexican warehouse causing serious bodily injury and property damage is a case of punitive damages and should be referred to a CISG advisory council. Specific to this case is the fact that an innocent injured party wants to be compensated for the damage caused by the injury.   International courts will have to address this case with more scrutiny. Legal rights and duties of MT and all other relevant parties All four of these issues are civil cases in which the parties have, available to them, procedural and substantive law.   â€Å"The basic function of civil procedural law is to facilitate the movement of a lawsuit through the legal system.†2 This is a safeguard initiated by international law in order to ensure that each party will be afforded fair and impartial treatment. In addition to their right to procedural law, each party has the right to substantive law which basically encompasses the principles of right and wrong as well as the principle that any civil wrongdoing will result in penalty. What should be done? In brief, MT’s board of directors should seek a second opionion from legal counsel because of the confusion in the interpretation of internationl law from both parties. Traditionally, in this country, parties turn to the court system when they cannot come to an amicable solution by themselves.   However, when disputes arise between parties in international business transactions, parties are reluctant to use foreign courts to resolve their disputes.  Sometimes parties entering an international contract will consider alternative methods of resolving disputes without going to court. These methods, known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), offer a mechanism of neutrality for resolving disputes. To resolve future disputes without resorting to a foreign legal system, parties should plan ahead by including an ADR clause in their contract.   If this clause would have been included in a contract, the issue between Keyes and opposing parties could have been avoided.3 Works Cited: 1.   Delmar Au: Walston-Dunham, ‘Introduction to Law’, pg. 95 2.   IBID 3.   Kathryn H. Nickerson, (2005), ‘Primer on International Alternative Dispute Resolutions’, Office of the Chief Counsel for Int’l Commerce, pp. 1-2    How to cite Legal Aspects – International Business Law, Essay examples

Universal Healthcare in The United States

Is Universal Healthcare right for America? Even with the introduction of Medicare program in the United States, the debate for and against universal and comprehensive healthcare still rages on in the country. Against the backdrop of the many discussions in the globe, the right to access medical care regardless of one’s socio-economic status in the society became one of the most important issues. Many governments are charged with the facilitation of access to all citizens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Healthcare in The United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, for a long time, many healthcare systems have been run on a capitalistic arrangement where an individual in need pays for the services provided according to market rates. This system has, however, been accused of locking out millions of households from middle and low income earning categories, who are not able to afford prop er medical care for some medical procedures. For governments, a healthy nation directly relates to a healthy economy where there is enough human resources and reduced expenditure on health infrastructure. In many cases, the rich have been able to access modern healthcare facilities while poor families continue to lose their loved ones because of affordability and accessibility issues. As a result, the reactions for many governments have resorted to the formulation of policies and guidelines to facilitate fast, affordable and easy access for all (Pozgar, 2012). A universal healthcare framework is one such model that has been adopted globally. However, for effective implementation, there have been challenges for healthcare organisations, professionals, administrators and for patients. This paper looks at the impacts of universal healthcare on the different stakeholders in the sector and provides recommendations for future improvement. Universal Healthcare Universal healthcare basicall y refers to the facilitation of basic healthcare services to residents of a particular region or country. Generally, this arrangement involves the provision of healthcare insurance and payment of healthcare costs by the government and other private institutions within an arrangement where the patients do not have to pay directly from their pockets. Within a national establishment, universal healthcare may therefore involve the taxation of all citizens, combined with health insurance coverage that eventually caters for the costs of medical care when required. The government is also charged with the facilitation of universal care through policy formulation, regulation and providing mandate to all care providers.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some forms of arrangement, popularly referred to as ‘single payer health insurance’, the government is only involved in fi nancing of healthcare, while healthcare institutions are charged with service delivery. Under the Affordable Care Act of 2010, the United States’ government has adopted the concept of universal healthcare that came into force in 2014 (Murray Frenk, 2010). It is notable that by the time of adoption, the US was the only developed nation that did not have this kind of arrangement for its citizens. However, the program did not come into the societal limelight recently as the legislation process may suggest. Calls for universal health coverage began in the early 1900’s, but legislation and adoption has seemingly dragged on, because the adoption of universal healthcare has its own challenges across the board that has led to intense debates. Effective implementation of universal healthcare has numerous impacts on health professionals and organisations as outlined in the following section. Impacts on Healthcare Professionals and Healthcare Organisations The impact of universa l healthcare on professionals and organisations in the sector are numerous. However, major impacts will be felt in the areas of financing, facility capacity building, personnel workload and regulatory requirements. First, funding is important for the success of any healthcare institution, be it for profit or not for profit. Within the universal healthcare framework, there might be cash flow problems for hospitals that have to provide care and seek compensation from the insurance companies or the government depending on the arrangement. In most cases, the process of cost reimbursement may take some time. Without proper management of finances within healthcare institutions, therefore, there might be many risks attached to insufficient supplies and late payment of health workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Healthcare in The United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, capacity development plans for many healthcare organisations will remain highly effected. Universal healthcare improves access for the previously ‘locked out’ populations. As a result, there is a likelihood of increased numbers for the out and in-patient hospital sections. To be able to take care of this boom, hospitals will have to increase their capacity without compromising on the quality of care. This may present a bigger challenge if financial management in the hospitals is not effectively enhanced. However, there are also opportunities for hospitals if the numbers are going to translate into improved financial performance hence increased expansion. The healthcare professionals like nurses may also expect improved pay structures. On the other hand, increased number of patients is likely to result in issues of personnel workload. When the already overburdened healthcare professionals receive large number of patients in the wards and clinics, there is a need for increased personnel. Jus t like in the expansion of space and facilities, this is another area that is likely to negatively impact healthcare professionals and organisations if not effectively planned. Lastly, regulatory requirements of the new healthcare act have new professions for access to quality care that may require change within healthcare organisations. The healthcare professionals will also need to acquaint themselves with the new requirements. For instance, every organisation must understand the procedures for claims and reimbursements for the different medical insurance plans. Impacts on Patients and Families Even though universal healthcare holds a big promise to patients and their families, the impact on the new system for this category must be noted. Generally, issues of access, quality, taxation and technical knowledge are most critical for this group of stakeholders. On a positive note, the impact of universal healthcare on access can be tremendous provided organisations effectively align t o the required changes. Patients from all forms of social and economic backgrounds will be provided with easy access to modern care facilities that they could not previously afford. This is a good step in the right direction for the US, since all citizens and particularly from the poor families will be assured of their right to live a healthy life. For many families who have had to spend the little money they have on seeking treatment for chronic illnesses like heart disease, diabetes and cancer, this provides a lifeline for economic and social empowerment.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, increased access raises an issue of quality of care within the participating healthcare organisations. In the event that poor management in such organisation results in overstretched capacity, the quality of care might be compromised at the expense of patients and their families. Any slight negative impact on quality of care may be against the main aim of universal healthcare in the country that many families have yearned for. Another issue raised by the opponents of this program is that of taxation. The impact of facilitating this program on national economy may be damaging if not properly managed. Generally, when the government chooses to increase taxation to help in the funding of this program, families already living in tough economic times may be adversely affected. Lastly, the issue of technical knowledge required for decision making is very important for the patients and the families. Many poor families may not have the literacy levels required to select the suitable medical plans for their households. Given that private and profit making institutions are involved in the program, the impact on choice of medical cover may be negative if proper guidance is not provided for families. However, the mentioned impacts may not necessarily mean that universal healthcare may not be viable for the United States. There are numerous case examples that may be used to indicate the benefits of this program and how the many challenges associated to it may be overcome. Critical Analysis As stated earlier, many governments have strived to provide universal healthcare access to their citizens globally. The Netherlands, Germany and Singapore are examples of developed nations that have successful universal healthcare programs for their citizens (Hooe, Considine Sethi, 2013). The Asian nation can however be a better case for highlighting the importance of universal care programs. With a fast growing population, the economic powerhouse in the Asian continent still re corded higher rates of infant mortality and other deaths associated with venerable diseases like malaria. The rural populace in the country, mostly low-income earners, were the most affected. However, the adoption of a single pay health insurance system for its population, the country has made enormous gains in the healthcare sector that may be a model for many countries. As a result of the comprehensive medical care implemented by the government in collaboration with healthcare organisations and professionals, the life expectancy rates in the country have significantly improved similarly to the declining infant mortality rates. From this case, it is easy to connect the healthy population with the country’s booming economy. Significance to the Practice of Healthcare Administration Universal healthcare can only be achieved with proper management as already pointed out in the discussions. The implementation of universal healthcare programs provides challenges as well as opportu nities for healthcare administrators. Universal healthcare has great implications for healthcare administration practice. First, there is need for effective change management that should begin from administrative levels (Shi Singh, 2012). For all departments and personnel to effectively implement universal care and take advantages of growth opportunities presented by it, administrators must be ready to initiate change. Secondly, risk management is an essential part of health organisations’ success in the new universal care system. For administrators, the challenge for effective risk management is of great significance to performance, because the financial inflexibility that may be brought within the transitional period has far reaching implications for growth. Third, quality assurance has been identified as another area of challenge for the universal healthcare program implementation. Administrators are also required to effectively co-ordinate departments and cross functiona l activities to ensure that success for all mentioned areas is attained. The benefits of universal healthcare present huge opportunities for administrators in the sector. Most importantly, administrators are presented with the opportunity to attain the goal of providing healthcare to all individuals regardless of their cultural, social or economic backgrounds. In addition, administrators also have an opportunity to collaborate with their counterparts in other organisations to ensure that they comply with the requirements of the new system. Recommendations Having examined the benefits of universal healthcare, it is easy to conclude that the US needs the system. Given the success story noted from the selected case, the challenges identified may be eliminated in many ways. First, there is need for training of all administrators and personnel on the legal, economic and social implications of the newly implemented system. Training will also help professionals provide guidance and advice to the illiterate individuals who may not be able to choose suitable healthcare plans for their families. Secondly, the government and other sector stakeholders should engage in frequent policy restructuring to ensure smooth implementation, because universal healthcare relies on particular regional and institutional factors like geographical and demographic dynamics (Savedoff, de Ferranti, Smith Fan, 2012). The mode and nature of care for different individuals should also be clearly defined to avoid cases of congestion in hospitals. Next, it is important that healthcare organisations plan for financial risk protection through access to other sources of financing while reimbursements are forthcoming. In this way, operations are likely to run without hitches pegged on capacity and resource availability. Lastly, community sensitisation programs should continue to be carried out to ensure that all citizens are aware of their rights of access and the available avenues for doing so. Refe rences Hooe, B. S., Considine, P. T., Sethi, M. K. (2013). National healthcare systems: A worldview. New York: Springer. Murray, C. J., Frenk, J. (2010). Ranking 37th—measuring the performance of the US health care system. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(2), 98-99. Pozgar, G. (2012). Legal aspects of health care administration. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Savedoff, W. D., de Ferranti, D., Smith, A. L., Fan, V. (2012). Political and economic aspects of the transition to universal health coverage. The Lancet, 380(9845), 924-932. Shi, L., Singh, D. A. (2012). Essentials of the US health care system. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers. This essay on Universal Healthcare in The United States was written and submitted by user Malice to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.